HMO Licensing Guide
Everything you need to know about Houses in Multiple Occupation (HMO) licensing for room providers in the UK.
What is an HMO?
A House in Multiple Occupation (HMO) is a property rented out by at least 3 people who are not from one 'household' (for example, a family) but share facilities like the bathroom and kitchen.
HMO licensing is a legal requirement in England, Wales, Scotland, and Northern Ireland to ensure that properties meet certain safety and management standards.
Important Note
HMO licensing requirements vary by local authority. This guide provides general information, but you must check with your specific local council for exact requirements.
When Do You Need an HMO License?
3+ Unrelated People
If you're renting to 3 or more people who are not from the same household, you likely need an HMO license.
Shared Facilities
Kitchen, bathroom, or toilet facilities shared between tenants usually requires HMO licensing.
Local Authority Rules
Different councils have varying requirements. Always check with your local authority.
Common Exemptions
Family Members
Renting to family members (spouse, children, parents, siblings) typically doesn't require HMO licensing.
2 People or Less
Renting to 1-2 unrelated people usually doesn't require HMO licensing in most areas.
Self-Contained Units
If each tenant has their own kitchen and bathroom, HMO licensing may not be required.
Consequences of Operating Without a License
Criminal Offence
Operating an unlicensed HMO is a criminal offence with unlimited fines.
Rent Repayment Orders
Tenants can apply for rent repayment orders for up to 12 months of rent.
Banning Orders
Local authorities can issue banning orders preventing you from letting properties.
How to Apply for an HMO License
Step-by-Step Process
- 1Contact your local council to confirm HMO licensing requirements
- 2Complete the HMO license application form
- 3Pay the required licensing fee (varies by council)
- 4Ensure your property meets safety standards
- 5Await inspection and license approval
Required Documents
- Property ownership documents
- Gas safety certificate
- Electrical safety certificate
- Fire safety assessment
- Energy Performance Certificate (EPC)
- Floor plans of the property
HMO Safety Requirements
Fire Safety
- • Fire detection and alarm systems
- • Fire doors and escape routes
- • Fire extinguishers and blankets
- • Emergency lighting
General Safety
- • Adequate heating and ventilation
- • Safe electrical installations
- • Proper waste disposal facilities
- • Secure locks and security measures
Legal Disclaimer
This information is for general guidance only and does not constitute legal advice. HMO licensing requirements vary by local authority and are subject to change. Always consult with your local council and seek professional legal advice for specific situations. Yo Flat Buddy is not responsible for any legal consequences arising from the use of this information.